La Terra del Software Libero è ancora piatta.
Credo sia evidente che l'autrice non abbia le idee chiare, dal momento che non un solo termine è usato in modo proprio: Software Libero, Open Source, Freeware e Pubblico Dominio non sono sinonimi. Shareware è un tipo di distribuzione per il software proprietario, ma nuovamente non è un sinonimo.
L'autrice si prefigge di valutare pro e contro dell'adozione nelle PA di Software Libero (e come tale si è sentita ugualmente libera di chiamarlo un po' come le passava per la testa: freeware, libero, open source, public domain) rispetto al software proprietario (chiamato "il classico shareware" nell'articolo).
Ho pensato quindi di buttar giù alcune considerazioni personali:
- E’ palese che le case produttrici di softwares coperti totalmente da copyright fanno sì che non vi sia una vera e propria concorrenza di prodotto, falsando il mercato e non consentendo una vera e realistica innovazione delle tecnologie impiegate: non credo che il problema sia il copyright, tanto che le sue leggi possono essere facilmente utilizzate per la tutela della libertà del software, come avviene nel copyleft. I brevetti software, quelli si, impediscono la concorrenza del mercato e l'innovazione, peccato si sia persa l'occasione per citarli nell'articolo originale!
- Il risultato è che i prodotti più recenti vengono modificati - rispetto a quelli precedenti - solo in alcuni aspetti tecnologicamente del tutto trascurabili, fermo restando che i nuovi standards sono spesso incompatibili con quelli venduti in precedenza dalla stessa casa produttrice: di certo milioni di menti pensano meglio di qualche migliaio, ma legare la chiusura del codice alla mancanza di aggiornamenti mi sembra eccessivo. La tendenza a cambiare continuamente i formati è purtroppo vera. Proprio la grande concorrenza fa si che vi sia una corsa continua alla funzione aggiuntiva rispetto al formato concorrente (o anche al proprio) senza attendere o neppure proporre una standardizzazione. Come sappiamo questa situazione sta lentamente cambiando.
- Il rischio maggiore per gli utenti è che, poiché il codice sorgente di tali prodotti è sempre e solo noto all’autore del programma shareware, possano venire inviati tramite Internet alcuni dati riservati provenienti dal computer su cui sono istallati, all’insaputa dell’acquirente: parole sacrosante. Questo fatto e l'apertura dei formati dei file sono il primo motivo perché una PA dovrebbe dotarsi di software libero, non il costo.
- L’autore concede all’utente il diritto di riprodurre ulteriormente un numero illimitato di copie, purché si tratti di una distribuzione gratuita: la libertà di distribuzione non è vincolata dal prezzo, nel software libero.
- Sempre nell’ambito del public domain, potrebbe sorgere un inconveniente fra programmi incompatibili, non permettendo un immediato riscontro sotto il profilo dell’interscambio di dati: l'incompatibilità non è un fenomeno da legarsi al software libero: tutt'altro. Quello che intende l'autrice è probabilmente qualcosa del tipo: "OpenOffice potrebbe non leggere i file di Word bene come Word". Questo è vero per QUALUNQUE programma, libero o no, che non sia Microsoft.
Il passaggio dal proprietario al libero è un'operazione che può essere lunga, difficile e costosa (si, costosa) e non la si può liquidare con la disinstallazione di Office in favore di software libero equivalente.
Una soluzione completamente libera, come dovrebbe essere adottata da una PA richiede grandi investimenti, studi di fattibilità, soluzioni personalizzate, deployment progressivo e controllato per essere sicuri che l'insieme delle funzioni necessarie e presenti nel vecchio software sia completamente coperto da quello nuovo.
Insomma non si usa software libero o open source perché a costo basso o zero, ma per essere certi di ciò che il programma fa (come ben indicato nell'articolo) ma anche per evitare il fenomeno dei formati incompatibili, o evitare l'effetto "millenium bug" cioè il panico per migliaia di programmi indispensabili ma chiusi richiedenti piccole modifiche ma di difficile attuazione perchè privi di sorgente.
A prescindere dalle numerose inesattezze, apprezzo l'autrice dell'articolo originale perché è comunque evidente la buona fede ed una sincera preoccupazione per la tematica e nonostante tutto, anche la comprensione del punto chiave della faccenda.
Queste mie righe sono solo di stimolo a parlare dell'argomento, ma a farlo in modo proprio, pena il rischio di diventare controproducenti. E' bene che chi si accinge a diffondere certe tematiche, magari allontanandosi dal proprio settore di competenza, sappia che esistono siti come questo o questo dai quali attingere preziose informazioni. Inoltre è presente sul territorio una fitta rete di organizzazioni come i Linux User Group nati proprio per diffondere ed assistere la cultura del Software Libero e dell'Open Source. Questi gruppi sono animati da volontari ben disposti ad offrire le proprie competenze, spesso in forma gratuita, a chi ne fa richiesta.
Se desiderate che la vostra organizzazione migri verso soluzioni libere ed aperte o semplicemente vi state chiedendo quali potrebbero essere i vantaggi di questa operazione, un consulto con alcune di queste associazioni è un ottimo punto di partenza.
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novembre 26th, 2007 - 19:43
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Per garantirsi da questo vi sono degli intermediari che si accollano il rischio e garantiscono loro per tutto quanto vi propongono (una loro selezione dei migliori sw free, che tra l’altro testano e supportano).
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